HIGH-ENTROPIC RANDOM NUMBERS AS THE BASIS OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC SECURITY: A QUANTUM APPROACH

Abstract

The article presents a systematic study of the development of a high-entropy random number generator based on physical processes of quantum nature. The need for reliable randomness is justified from the point of view of modern cryptographic applications, in which the quality of the generated sequences plays a crucial role in ensuring information security. In particular, attention is paid to the limitations of existing approaches, including pseudo-random algorithms. As an alternative, an approach is proposed that uses fluctuations in electrical signals caused by the discrete nature of charge carriers in the photodetector. These fluctuations are interpreted as a fundamental source of entropy, since they arise from probabilistic processes that cannot be modeled deterministically. The study describes the theoretical foundations of this phenomenon and analyzes the possibilities of practical implementation within the framework of an integrated system. The proposed system consists of several functional components, including a sensor subsystem for detecting physical noise, an analog processing circuit for amplification and filtering, and a digital module for signal conversion and further processing. Special attention is paid to the use of multiple independent channels, which contributes to the robustness and stability of the generated output. In addition, post-processing methods are used to correct statistical deviations and ensure a uniform distribution of the generated values. Experimental results demonstrate that the generated sequences meet the requirements of high entropy, homogeneity, and independence. Statistical analysis confirms that the output does not have significant correlations or structural deviations, which emphasizes the suitability of the system for cryptographic applications. It is also demonstrated that the proposed solution is practically feasible using common electronic components and can be flexibly integrated into existing digital infrastructures. The combination of fundamental physics and technical implementation allows achieving a high level of security and unpredictability, which is important in view of the growing requirements for information security and constant technological progress.