AN AUTONOMOUS HUMAN-POWERED AMBIENT LIGHTING SYSTEM WITH INTEGRATED GRAVITY ENERGY STORAGE

Abstract

In the rapidly evolving landscape of urban development, the quest for sustainability has catalyzed a transition toward smarter, more resilient city environments. This paper presents a comprehensive study of a novel autonomous lighting system that uniquely integrates human biomechanical energy harvesting with a gravity-based storage mechanism. Designed for seamless incorporation into the public spaces of Smart Cities, the system addresses the critical dual need for environmental responsibility and active community interaction. The proposed solution champions urban sustainability by operating entirely off-grid, utilizing a calibrated mass-based energy storage system that circumvents the ecological drawbacks of conventional photovoltaic panels and chemical batteries, such as intermittency, toxic waste generation, and limited lifecycles. Unlike traditional energy storage solutions that rely on lithium-ion or lead-acid technology, this mechanical approach offers a service life exceeding 20 years with minimal maintenance requirements. The technical core of the system comprises a manual lifting mechanism where a user raises a 25 kg mass to a height of 5 meters via a robust crank handle. The gravitational potential energy thus stored is converted back into electrical power during a slow, controlled descent regulated by a centrifugal brake and a high-ratio planetary gearbox (approx. 1:1000). This transmission setup drives a high-efficiency BLDC generator to power a low-voltage 0.5 W LED fixture. Theoretical feasibility analysis and experimental simulations demonstrate that a mere 15 seconds of manual effort can yield approximately 35 minutes of pleasant ambient illumination. Beyond its technical performance, the system serves as a «tangible energy» installation, providing a visceral educational experience that makes energy consumption physical and understandable. By directly involving citizens in the act of energy co-creation, the system promotes mindful consumption and enhances community engagement. In the context of urban resilience, particularly in regions facing energy instability or frequent blackouts, this human-powered installation offers a reliable, decentralized alternative for essential public lighting. The study validates that such “Active Infrastructure” not only provides functional benefits but also reshapes the relationship between residents and their urban environment, fostering a durable culture of sustainability within the Smart City paradigm.