THE RISKS OF EXTERNAL MODULATION OF ION SIGNALING, MEDIATED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FROM WIRELESS 5G COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN TRANSMITTING INFORMATION ABOUT BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN LIVING ORNANISMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/mathematical-modelling/2024-7-1-4Keywords:
bioelectricity, secondary messengers, wireless transmission of signals and energy, 5GAbstract
The widespread urbanization of the human environment has created numerous artificial sources of electromagnetic fields with which living organisms on our planet have to interact. Electromagnetic fields can cause both thermal and nonthermal effects on living organisms, with the non-thermal impact being primarily discussed in this review. Non-thermal effects include the potential influence on the exchange of secondary messengers (Ca2+, K+, Na+, and others) in the cells of living organisms, which may lead to unpredictable effects on biological processes involving these secondary messengers. It is worth noting that 5G mobile technology, which utilizes millimeter waves and higher frequency bands ranging from 6 GHz to 100 GHz for communication, may exert a certain explicit influence on human health, associated with the information encoding processes transmitted in cellular processes. Research on high-speed THz communication systems is rapidly advancing using various frequency windows, such as 140 GHz and 240 GHz, due to low losses during propagation in the atmosphere. Being widely prevalent in the human environment, the radiation of such frequencies can and, obviously, will penetrate deep into the human body. This carries the risks of possible influence on ion exchange, particularly on calcium (Ca2+) oscillations, which play a part in numerous biological processes of the human body as a secondary messenger, ranging from cellular regeneration to synaptic neuronal activity and memory formation at both cellular and overall brain levels. Additionally, there are not entirely groundless, but not fully proven, notions that motor neurons may be stimulated by non-ionizing radiation frequencies (which may result from the operation of cellular communication towers and redistributed by mobile phones) to the extent that they can engage brain frequencies capable of motivating cellular or neuronal actions. All of this is possible because a single calcium oscillation can carry an integrated signal, in which encoded information is directed simultaneously to several different processes, and certain resonance effects may exist that influence these oscillations and may disrupt them.
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