INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE ACCURACY OF PROTEIN FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS IN CHEESE PRODUCTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35546/kntu2078-4481.2025.3.1.6Keywords:
spectral analysis, hyperspectral imaging, infrared spectroscopy, MCDA, intelligent control systems, dielectric spectroscopyAbstract
The aim of this work is to determine the effectiveness and suitability of the main electrical engineering methods of spectral analysis (NIR, FTIR/MIR, UV–Vis, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging) for automated quality control of dairy products, taking into account the influence of electromagnetic interference on the reproducibility of the fluorescent signal of proteins in cheese matrices. During the study, a comprehensive analysis of literature data and theoretical models of the interaction of external electromagnetic fields with protein fluorophores was carried out, and the main sources of interference in the production environment were classified in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025. A multi-criteria matrix for evaluating methods in four main categories (accuracy, speed, reliability, integration) was developed using MCDA. To verify the proposed criteria, it is recommended to conduct pilot testing of inline systems on the production line, adaptive model calibration modes, and KPI monitoring using k-fold cross-validation and interlaboratory testing procedures. Theoretical analysis showed that external electromagnetic interference can reduce fluorescence intensity by 5–15 % depending on the frequency and power of the field, leading to an increase in RMSE and bias offset. Classification revealed low-frequency and high-frequency (RF, microwaves, pulse inverters) noise sources. A multi-criteria matrix for the application scenario showed that NIR spectroscopy with high speed and moderate accuracy receives a weighted score of 4.4, while fluorescence spectroscopy with the highest sensitivity receives a score of 4.0. The developed MCDA matrix allows you to choose the optimal method depending on production priorities: priority of speed – NIR, priority of accuracy – fluorescence spectroscopy or FTIR/MIR. Practical recommendations for pilot testing, adaptive calibration strategy, and KPI monitoring provide the basis for integrating spectral systems into intelligent control lines in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 requirements.
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