RESEARCH ON MODERNIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES AND MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN RESIDENTIAL PREMISES

Abstract

This article explores the modernization and deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for monitoring and control in residential environments where legacy infrastructures – such as RS-485 with Modbus, infrared channels, and sub-GHz radios at 433/868 MHz – coexist with modern devices relying on Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy, Zigbee, and Thread. The research aims to establish methodological foundations for integration that ensure interoperability, local control, privacy, and resilience to Internet disruptions while avoiding dependence on a single vendor. A reference architecture for a locally oriented hub based on Raspberry Pi is proposed. The architecture comprises an adapter layer for heterogeneous physical and application protocols, a normalization layer that transforms native messages into canonical events and commands with unified measurement units and UTC ISO 8601 timestamps, an MQTT event bus with delivery guarantees, a device and capability registry, a rules engine, and external interfaces via REST and WebSocket.A canonical data model and domain API are introduced, separating core and extended fields. Profiles are provided for temperature, motion, leak detection, and energy-metering sensors, as well as controllable devices such as switches and outlets. The study demonstrates protocol mapping from Modbus, BLE, infrared, and sub-GHz radios, along with IP-based devices. Security and onboarding procedures include provisioning tokens or certificates, encrypted transport, role-based access control, and event logging. Offline operation is supported through store-and-forward, deduplication, and recovery mechanisms. A functional prototype was implemented using a Mosquitto broker, a FastAPI back end with SQLite storage and file-based buffering, Node-RED for automation, and a local web dashboard with optional integration into Home Assistant. An evaluation methodology is proposed to measure command latency, reliability of delivery, recovery time after faults, and energy efficiency in climate-control and lighting scenarios. The practical contribution lies in enabling a stepwise migration from fragmented legacy solutions to a unified, vendor-independent platform that improves reliability and reduces integration costs. Future work will extend support for BACnet and KNX via adapters, leverage Web of Things and Matter descriptions for automatic capability extraction, and develop data-quality validation tools for analytics and AI applications.