ANALYSIS OF WASTE AND SOURCES OF POLLUTION IN GLASS PRODUCTION

Abstract

In this work, a comprehensive assessment of technological processes of glass production and analysis of harmful emissions was carried out. It has been established that processes leading to the release of pollutants occur during the preparation of the charge, boiling of glass and forming of glass products. Thus, during loading of the charge into the glass furnace, part of it is carried away by the furnace gases. The greatest spraying is characteristic of dolomite, limestone (chalk), feldspars and fluorspars, sodium carbonate and boric acid. The amount of dust formed can reach 1.6% of the mass of the charge. The maximum dust losses fall on materials of the limestone group and feldspar (up to 85% of the total amount of dust). Dust from glass production is characterized by fibrogenic (SiO2) and general toxic (B2O3, As2O3, etc.) effects. In addition, at the glass boiling stage, reactive gases and vapors of melt products are released. In the process of burning fuel, such dangerous substances as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, benzopyrene, etc. are formed. Also, during the operation of the glass furnace, there is thermal pollution of the environment with flue gases and heat loss through the walls of the main apparatus and pipelines. A significant amount of harmful waste is generated in the processes of chemical and mechanical processing of glass products. The operation of glass factories leads to the formation of sludges of batch preparation systems, dust collection and wastewater treatment, suspensions of glass grinding and polishing systems), as well as waste water (washing, polishing and etching solutions used in processing and decorating products). The entire process of glass production is accompanied by the formation of cullet, which can be reused in the production of glass. Thus, the production of glass products is associated with the generation of a large amount of waste and emissions. During the operation of glass factories, gases, aerosols, solid waste and wastewater are released into the environment. Atmospheric air, soil, surface and underground water are polluted. Unfortunately, the equipment of glass industry factories remains imperfect from the point of view of environmental protection.