EVALUATION OF NANOPARTICLES’ SIZE CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGANESE OXIDE/HYDROXIDE BASED PHOTOCATALYSTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35546/kntu2078-4481.2024.4.6Keywords:
nanoparticle, size, evaluation, manganese oxides/hydroxides, photocatalysisAbstract
Since size is a key characteristic determining whether a material belongs to the nanomaterial class, its accurate assessment is critical. In addition, the size effect in nanoparticles defines the efficiency of the material for catalytic and photocatalytic applications. A series of composite materials composed of manganese oxide/hydroxide compounds with halloysite nanotubes were synthesized and characterized, with a focus on nanoparticles size parameters critical for functional applications. Multiple analytical techniques, including transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM/ SEM) combined with IMAGJ software, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were employed to evaluate sizes of nanoparticles. Samples were chemically synthesized at ambient temperature of 15–20℃ from a solution of MnSO4 with H2O2 as an oxidising agent at different pH. The size distribution half-width was identified as a key factor in estimating the error associated with size effects in nanomaterials. It can be seen that the relative error towards even critical for quantum effects revealing size of 100 nm makes up about 10% for synthesized samples and about 20% for standard MnO2 from Pridneprovsky Chemical Plant (Ukraine). These error values are large enough for quantitative evaluations and highlight the need for improved control over size distribution through optimized synthesis conditions, in particular, temperature. Furthermore, while XRD primarily reflects the sizes of crystallites, often smaller than the actual nanoparticles’ sizes observed via TEM/SEM, DLS tends to overestimate sizes due to particle agglomeration. From the analysis of nanoparticle size data of studied Samples, the Rietveld refinement resulted in good agreement with IMAGJ software data for particular cases of Samples taken for analysis. The comprehensive characterization of the samples underscores their potential for future nanoapplications, providing a foundation for further research and development.
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