STUDY OF METHODS OF OPTIMIZING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INTERNET OF THINGS PROTOCOLS

Abstract

In the work, a study of data exchange protocols that received modifications to increase energy efficiency for the possibility of using them in Internet of Things systems was carried out, and the methods of increasing energy efficiency included in the protocols and their impact on total energy consumption were determined. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and NB-IoT protocols were considered. The Wi-Fi protocol uses the following methods: Power Saving Mode, Wi-Fi HaLow, transmission frequency control, transmitter power control, frame aggregation. The Bluetooth protocol uses sleep mode, liquid device search mode, transmitter power control, packet parameter control. The NB-IoT protocol has the following optimization methods: Power Saving Mode, advanced periodic update mode, frequency spectrum management, adaptive modulation and coding schemes, data caching. As part of the study, the criteria were chosen according to which optimization methods were distributed in Internet of Things protocols: Device activity time management; Control of transmission frequency characteristics; Control of transmitter power; Data packet management. Bluetooth and NB-IoT protocols have optimization methods that fall into three of the defined categories. Due to the optimization features performed to reduce energy consumption, all protocols have multiple optimization methods belonging to the same category, which generally equalizes their overall energy consumption optimization performance. The best results are in the optimization methods that belong to the category "Device activity time management", which is due to the complete shutdown of the device for certain time intervals until the moment of data collection and sending to the processing center arrives. Methods in the "Data Packet Management" category perform worse than those in the "Device Uptime Management" category due to the inability to discard data packet headers and the need to maintain data freshness, which prevents data from being cached for long periods of time. Indicators in other categories show different results in protocols due to differences in optimization methods.