MQTT PROTOCOL OPTIMIZATION FOR IOT SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35546/kntu2078-4481.2024.4.38Keywords:
MQTT protocol, network protocol optimization, Internet of Things, message broker, IoT systems scalability, adaptive QoS, message aggregation, energy efficiency, network latencyAbstract
In the context of rapid Internet of Things (IoT) development, optimizing data transmission protocols between devices becomes particularly relevant. The MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol has become the de facto standard for IoT systems due to its lightweight nature and efficiency. However, the growing number of connected devices and data volumes create new challenges regarding performance and scalability. This paper presents a novel approach to MQTT protocol optimization based on an adaptive quality of service management mechanism and intelligent message aggregation. A mathematical model for evaluating data transmission efficiency has been developed, taking into account network delays, packet losses, and device power consumption. Based on this model, an algorithm for dynamic protocol parameter optimization has been created, which adapts to the current system operating conditions. The proposed method includes mechanisms for intelligent message buffering, traffic prioritization, and adaptive quality of service (QoS) level configuration. Experimental studies were conducted on a real IoT infrastructure consisting of 1000 end devices and a distributed network of MQTT brokers. The results showed a 35% reduction in network load while maintaining message delivery reliability, a 42% decrease in average data transmission latency, and a 28% improvement in device energy efficiency. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their direct implementation in existing IoT systems to improve their performance and scalability. The developed algorithms and software components can be integrated with popular implementations of MQTT brokers and client libraries. The proposed optimizations are particularly effective for systems with limited resources and unstable network connections.
References
Березюк В.М., Кравченко Ю.В. Аналіз протоколів передачі даних для промислових IoT систем. Вісник НТУУ "КПІ". Інформатика, управління та обчислювальна техніка. 2021. № 74. С. 25-32.
Гавриленко О.В., Кононова І.В. Оптимізація MQTT-протоколу для промислових застосувань. Наукові вісті КПІ. 2022. № 3. С. 15-23.
Дорохін І.С., Теленик С.Ф., Ролік О.І. Масштабовані архітектури MQTT брокерів. Вісник Вінницького політехнічного інституту. 2021. № 4. С. 81-89.
Теслюк В.М., Цимбал Ю.В. Енергоефективні протоколи для IoT систем. Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка". Комп'ютерні системи та мережі. 2022. № 2(12). С. 78-85.
Aziz, B. A formal model of IoT protocols security: The case of MQTT. ACM Transactions on Internet of Things, 2022. 3(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3466691
Banks, A., & Gupta, R. MQTT Version 5.0. OASIS Standard. 2019. https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/mqtt-v5.0.html
Chen, Y., & Kunz, T. Performance evaluation of IoT protocols under a constrained wireless access network. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 2021. 37(1), 76-86.
Diwan, M., & D'Souza, M. A framework for scalable MQTT brokers using container orchestration. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2021. 174, 102890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102890
Fehrenbach, P. Scalable MQTT message broker architecture for high-throughput IoT applications. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2020. 7(8), 7632-7644.
Huang, C.L., & Kumar, R. Adaptive QoS management for MQTT-based IoT applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2021. 17(5), 3089-3097.
Jutadej, K., & Lee, G.M. Energy-efficient MQTT protocol for industrial IoT networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2022. 9(4), 2771-2781.
Kozlov, D., & Veijalainen, J. Energy Consumption of MQTT and CoAP in IoT Systems. Journal of Systems Architecture, 2020. 108, 101806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2020.101806
Li, W., & Kara, S. Methodology for Monitoring Manufacturing Environment Using IoT-Based MQTT Protocol. Procedia CIRP, 2021. 98, 133-138.
Mishra, B. Protocol-level power optimization in IoT: A systematic review. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2020. 7(1), 789-801.
Park, H., & Kim, S. Performance Analysis of MQTT and CoAP Protocols in Industrial IoT Environment. IEEE Access, 2021. 9, 26124-26133.
Singh, M., & Rajan, M.A. Secure MQTT for Internet of Things Applications. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2022. 9(1), 627-636.
Tang, K., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Sheng, Y., Wang, X., & Wei, Z. Design and implementation of push notification system based on MQTT protocol. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2020. 9(2), 1506-1510.
Torres, J., & Redondo, M.A. An Improved MQTT Protocol for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices. Sensors, 2023. 23(2), 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020897
Wang, Y., & Chen, I.R. Reliability of MQTT for Internet of Things Applications. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2020. 7(10), 9817-9826.
Yokotani, T., & Sasaki, Y. Comparison with HTTP and MQTT on required network resources for IoT. International Conference on Control, Electronics, Renewable Energy and Communications (ICCEREC), 2020. 1-6.
Zhang, L., & Liu, Q. Load Balancing Strategies for Distributed MQTT Brokers. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, 2022. 10(2), 891-902. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.2021.3074583
Al-Masri, E., & Kalyanam, K.R. Sensor-Based IoT Data Processing Using MQTT: A Performance Analysis. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2021. 8(3), 1838-1851.
Kumar, S., & Chauhan, S. Performance Optimization of IoT Networks Using Enhanced MQTT Protocol. Wireless Personal Communications, 2021. 118(2), 1401-1419.
Lin, J., Yu, W., Zhang, N., Yang, X., Zhang, H., & Zhao, W. A Survey on Internet of Things: Architecture, Enabling Technologies, Security and Privacy, and Applications. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2020. 4(5), 1125-1142.
Mektoubi, A., Hassani, H.L., Belhadaoui, H., Rifi, M., & Science, C. New Approach for Securing Communication over MQTT Protocol A Comparison between RSA and Elliptic Curve. Third International Conference on IoT in Urban Space (Urb-IoT), 2019. 151-156.
Dinculeană, D., & Cheng, X. Vulnerabilities and Limitations of MQTT Protocol Used between IoT Devices. Applied Sciences, 2019. 9(5), 848. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9050848.
