QUIPMENT FOR CAVITATION HYDROGENATION OF HEAVY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35546/kntu2078-4481.2025.1.1.4Keywords:
refining of heavy petroleum products, cavitation hydrogenation, heavy petroleum products, ultrasonic tubular cavitator, hydrocarbon splitting, fractional distillation, petroleum refining, ultrasonic, cavitation, petroleum refiningAbstract
The article highlights the stages of creating a setup for cavitation hydrogenation of heavy petroleum products based on an ultrasonic tubular cavitator. This setup ensures the efficient processing of heavy petroleum products, including fuel oils and paraffin fractions, achieving 100 % marketable products within several cycles. This allows for reduced energy consumption and increased yields of light fractions, such as gasoline and diesel. A key feature of the technology is the concentration of ultrasonic energy in the central part of the cylindrical cavitation chamber, which promotes the breaking of molecular bonds and the effective cracking of hydrocarbon molecules. The proposed solution reduces the environmental impact and improves the economic performance of the processing operation. An analysis of the shortcomings of existing methods, such as catalytic cracking, thermochemical methods, and dewatering with subsequent burial of dry residues, emphasizes the advantages of the cavitation method. A system for fractional distillation of liquids was also developed, enabling the separation of petroleum product components (gasoline, kerosene, diesel) under laboratory conditions, ensuring the ability to adjust process parameters in real-time. The methodology for creating the setup is based on technologies utilizing ultrasonic energy and cavitation processes. This ensures high efficiency in the cracking of hydrocarbon molecules, even for heavy petroleum products. The principles of ultrasonic cracking are described, along with hydraulic schemes and design features of the setup. The application of this technology will help address the challenges posed by limited traditional oil resources and allows for optimizing the processing of heavy petroleum products from both ecological and economic perspectives. Special attention is given to the prospects of process optimization through regulating the supply of hydrogen gas, the duration of ultrasonic cavitation exposure, and controlling pressure and temperature to maximize the yield of light fractions from the treated petroleum product.
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