MODERN METHODS OF DATABASE PROTECTION UNDER CYBER THREATS AND WARTIME CONDITIONS

Abstract

The study addresses the urgent challenges facing Ukraine’s information infrastructure under escalating cyber threats and wartime conditions. It highlights that databases of government agencies, critical infrastructure, education and healthcare institutions, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, have become the primary targets of cyberattacks. CERT-UA data from 2022–2025 confirm a steady increase in incidents, reflecting the growing militarization of cyberspace.The main threats identified include wiper malware, phishing campaigns, supply-chain attacks, and unauthorized intrusions into SCADA systems.The research aims to systematize modern approaches to database protection and to design a practical algorithm suitable for SMEs with limited resources. The proposed framework consists of asset auditing, multi-factor authentication, backup implementation, modern encryption methods, staff awareness training, security event monitoring, and comprehensive security policy development. A sample security policy and an audit checklist are provided to facilitate practical application.The findings demonstrate that even resource-constrained organizations can achieve sufficient levels of cyber resilience if they apply structured and sequential measures. Effectiveness is ensured through the integration of technical tools such as SIEM platforms, TDE, AES, intrusion detection systems, along with organizational practices including personnel training, access control, and audits. A comparative review of Ukrainian and international studies shows that local works emphasize applied solutions and adaptation to wartime conditions, while international research prioritizes regulatory compliance and standardization.The practical value of the study lies in the usability of the proposed recommendations by SMEs, public institutions, and private companies handling sensitive information without dedicated cybersecurity departments. Database protection is thus positioned not only as a technical challenge but also as a fundamental component of national and economic security.