DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF POWER TRANSMISSION LINES IN THE ZAKARPATTIA REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35546/kntu2078-4481.2025.4.1.40Keywords:
transmission lines; Zakarpattia region; mountainous conditions; climatic risks; modernization; ENTSO-E; energy efficiency; Smart GridAbstract
The article presents a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the current state and operational features of overhead transmission lines in the mountainous part of the Zakarpattia region. The study highlights the specific challenges arising from the complex terrain of the Ukrainian Carpathians, significant elevation differences, intense climatic and meteorological impacts, and limited transport accessibility of remote settlements. The structure of regional electrical networks of various voltage levels is examined in detail, and key technical problems are identified, including the high degree of physical wear of supports and conductors, frequent damage caused by icing, strong winds, heavy snow loads, as well as erosion and landslide processes. Technical aspects of selecting appropriate types of poles, conductors, and insulators capable of ensuring stable operation of transmission lines in mountainous conditions are discussed, along with practical issues related to installation and maintenance in hard-to-reach areas. Particular attention is given to the implementation of modern diagnostic and automation systems, including Smart Grid elements, remote monitoring of conductor and pole conditions, and load control technologies. The analysis also covers regulatory requirements, international experience in designing transmission lines in mountainous regions, and the prospects of integrating Zakarpattia into the ENTSO-E European power system. Based on the conducted research, recommendations are formulated to support the modernization of electrical networks aimed at improving the reliability, resilience, and safety of electricity supply under the challenging conditions of mountainous terrain.
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