GLOBAL APPROACHES TO DEFINING CORRUPTION, ITS COMPONENTS, AND COMBATING IT

Abstract

The article conducts a comprehensive study of global approaches to defining corruption, its main components and models of combating this phenomenon within different legal systems. It is determined that in the international discourse corruption is interpreted as a multi-level legal and socio-administrative problem that requires a systematic analysis of legal, institutional and cultural factors. The emphasis is on comparing continental and insular models of law, each of which produces different legal definitions, prevention mechanisms and responses to corrupt acts. The study covers regulatory frameworks, corruption perception indices, the functioning of national anti-corruption bodies and international compliance recommendations. The aim of the article is to conceptualize corruption in the global legal discourse, analyze institutional and legal approaches to its classification and combating, taking into account comparative jurisprudence. The methodological basis is the structural-functional and comparative legal approaches, content analysis of national and international anti-corruption legislation and reporting. The study identified key types of corruption (political, administrative, economic and corporate), as well as the conditions for their spread within different models of public administration. It was established that in countries with a continental legal tradition, formalized regulatory regulation with extensive procedural responsibility dominates, while the insular model relies on precedents and ethical standards. The current trends of the Corruption Perception Index, the institutional effectiveness of anti-corruption bodies and the role of prevention mechanisms, in particular compliance programs, integrity monitoring and digital reporting, were analyzed. The conclusions were formulated on the need to localize international practices through adaptation to the national legal context. The feasibility of transitioning to a preventive model of combating corruption, which includes ethical selfregulation, transparency and digitalization of management processes, was confirmed. The directions for optimizing anticorruption policy were outlined: strengthening corporate responsibility, institutional monitoring and the use of integrity indicators.