COMMUNICATIVE ENVIRONMENT AS A LINGUISTIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON

Abstract

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the communicative environment from the standpoint of sociolinguistics and psychology, taking into account the world experience of research into the language situation and bilingualism. It was found that the types of communicative environment (domestic, territorial, group, etc.) are also areas of use of a certain language system and system of behavior models that characterize communicators. Therefore, the phenomenon of the communicative environment with its psychological, ethnic, age, status, territorial features, which determine a certain language choice, is determined. It has been proven that with the development of such an environment, the forms of language implementation (horizontal and vertical) are unified into one structure, which defines koine as a set of generally accepted language units by all speakers, regardless of age, sex, status and other differences. It has been investigated that typologically the Ukrainian language is classified according to certain attributes to the same type as Russian and Belarusian, but typologically similar to Polish and Macedonian. It was determined that in the territory of the former empire, bilingualism manifested itself in the relationship “national local language (in particular, Ukrainian) – Russian language”, and therefore it was the local language that needed real protection after decolonization in order to reach the same functional level with metropolitan Russian. Such a language situation is defined as hyperglossal, and bilingualism is complete (for an ideal speaker) and incomplete. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the active type of bilingualism characterizes Ukrainians – speakers of the national language as the first, and the passive type – speakers of it as the second. At the same time, Russians are mainly monolingual. It was concluded that the study of language choice in the situation of bilingualism (especially with related languages) is of great importance for the state, because not only the functional and structural development of the Ukrainian language depends on it, but also the establishment of real state independence.