PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERTERS. TYPES, EFFICIENCY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35546/kntu2078-4481.2024.1.12Keywords:
photovoltaics, photovoltaics, solar cells, power conversion efficiencyAbstract
The article analyzes the types of photovoltaic cells belonging to different generations and technological groups, evaluates their advantages and disadvantages, production features, current efficiency indicators and development prospects, technologies for increasing their efficiency. The current state of the technologies of photoelectric converters and the challenges and opportunities facing researchers and manufacturers are determined. An analysis of the efficiency of photovoltaic systems as the main components of photovoltaics is presented. The main advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic cells of various types are systematized. The most innovative technologies have been determined, which include double-sided photovoltaic elements, transparent photovoltaic elements, flexible photovoltaic elements, systems for concentrating radiation, and technologies for improving current removal. A patent search was carried out on the specialized database "Inventions (useful models) in Ukraine" using keywords related to the request "solar converters", and it was concluded that 24 percent of patents in this direction, registered in Ukraine, relate to the production process of photovoltaic cells and modules, 48 percent of decisions are devoted to the design and composition of photovoltaic modules and systems, 28 percent to the materials and architecture of photovoltaic elements. It has been established that the technologies of photovoltaic cells and the materials used for their production are constantly being improved. The efforts of manufacturers and researchers are aimed at finding new approaches to increasing the efficiency of solar panels, increasing the amount of energy produced per unit area, reducing its cost, creating optimal work opportunities at different levels of illumination and temperature indicators, expanding the scope of possible application of photovoltaic systems, as well as increasing sustainability to the influence of environmental factors.
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