RISK-ORIENTED STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOLID DISPERSION SYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35546/kntu2078-4481.2025.1.1.21Keywords:
solid dispersion systems, pharmaceutical development, quality target product profile, critical quality indicators, risk assessmentAbstract
For the first time, the problem of increasing the solubility of APIs in solid pharmaceutical systems by creating a polymeric composite material with regard to its target drug quality profile is comprehensively considered. An algorithm for conducting research at the preformulation stage is proposed. Experimental data are shown on the examples of mefenamic acid and rivaroxaban. The risk factors for a product based on a solid dispersion system are identified, and the risks to the quality of the drug manufacturing process in a pharmaceutical enterprise are assessed. The potential critical quality indicators of the drug are indicated and their criticality is assessed. The critical quality indicators of the initial components and product properties are identified and described. The most probable risks to the quality of the drug at the stage of pharmaceutical development are identified, analysed and assessed. The risk factors that are specific to the process under study and affect the quality of the drug manufacturing process are identified and substantiated. It has been determined that for the products under study, disintegration, dissolution, accompanying impurities, quantification and homogeneity of dosage units are identified as critical quality characteristics that can potentially affect the quality of the drug. It is described that the risk factors for the investigated drug are the solid dispersion system, manufacturing formulation, technological process, packaging system and quality control methods. It is shown that the stages of preparation of tablet mass and packaging, packing and labelling of the production process have a significant degree of risk, which is acceptable. It is proved that the use of risk assessment allows a reasonable approach to the development and production process while minimising the amount of material and time resources.
References
L Chaves, L., CC Vieira, A., Reis, S., Sarmento, B., & C Ferreira, D. (2014). Quality by design: discussing and assessing the solid dispersions risk. Current Drug Delivery, 11(2), 253-269. DOI:10.2174/1567201811666140211110943
Allawadi D., Singh N., Singh S. (2013). Solid dispersions: a review on drug delivery system and solubility enhancement. Ini. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., volume. 4, issue. 6, 2094-2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.4(6).2094-05
Bashir, M. A., Khan, A., Shah, S. I., Ullah, M., Khuda, F., Abbas, M., ... & Ming, L. C. (2023). Development and evaluation of self-emulsifying drug-delivery system–based tablets for simvastatin, a BCS Class II Drug. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 261–272. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S377686
Nurhikmah, W., Sumirtapura, Y. C., & Pamudji, J. S. (2016). Dissolution profile of mefenamic acid solid dosage forms in two compendial and biorelevant (FaSSIF) media. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 84(1), 181–190. https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.ISP.2015.09
Swathi, C. H., Subrahmanyam, C. V. S., Kedarnath, S. A., & Babu, P. S. (2011). Solubilization of mefenamic acid. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 3, 3267–3276.
Sid, D., Baitiche, M., Elbahri, Z., Djerboua, F., Boutahala, M., Bouaziz, Z., & Le Borgne, M. (2021). Solubility enhancement of mefenamic acid by inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin: in silico modelling, formulation, characterisation, and in vitro studies. Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, 36(1), 605–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2020.1869225
Putranti, W., Widiyastuti, L., & Ulfani, F. (2019). Enhancing the dissolution rate of mefenamic acid with solid dispersion system using avicel PH-101. Pharmaciana, 9(1), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v9i1.10809
Pramod, K., Tahir, M. A., Charoo, N. A., Ansari, S. H., & Ali, J. (2016). Pharmaceutical product development: A quality by design approach. International journal of pharmaceutical investigation, 6(3), 129. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-973X.187350
Khan, A., Naquvi, K. J., Haider, M. F., & Khan, M. A. (2024). Quality by design-newer technique for pharmaceutical product development. Intelligent Pharmacy, 2(1), 122–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipha.2023.10.004
Zagalo, D. M., Silva, B. M., Silva, C., Simoes, S., & Sousa, J. J. (2022). A quality by design (QbD) approach in pharmaceutical development of lipid-based nanosystems: A systematic review. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 70, 103207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103207
Waghule, T., Dabholkar, N., Gorantla, S., Rapalli, V. K., Saha, R. N., & Singhvi, G. (2021). Quality by design (QbD) in the formulation and optimization of liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs): A risk based industrial approach. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 141, 111940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111940
Mohseni-Motlagh, S. F., Dolatabadi, R., Baniassadi, M., & Baghani, M. (2023). Application of the Quality by Design Concept (QbD) in the Development of Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers, 15(22), 4407. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15224407
Sangshetti, J. N., Deshpande, M., Zaheer, Z., Shinde, D. B., & Arote, R. (2017). Quality by design approach: Regulatory need. Arabian Journal of chemistry, 10, S3412–S3425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.01.025
Chudiwal, S. S., & Dehghan, M. H. G. (2018). Quality by design (QbD) approach for design and development of drug-device combination products: a case study on flunisolide nasal spray. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 23(10), 1077–1087. https://doi.org/10.1080/10837450.2016.1236130
Aksu, B., Paradkar, A., de Matas, M., Özer, Ö., Güneri, T., & York, P. (2013). A quality by design approach using artificial intelligence techniques to control the critical quality attributes of ramipril tablets manufactured by wet granulation. Pharmaceutical development and technology, 18(1), 236–245. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/10837450.2012.705294
Simão, J., Chaudhary, S. A., & Ribeiro, A. J. (2023). Implementation of quality by design (QbD) for development of bilayer tablets. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 184, 106412. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106412
Sweetman S. C. Martindale The Complete Drug Reference. Vol. 80. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2009.
Abdul Mudalip, S. K., Abu Bakar, M. R., Jamal, P., & Adam, F. (2018). Prediction of mefenamic acid solubility and molecular interaction energies in different classes of organic solvents and water. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 58(2), 762–770.
Patil P. B., Gupta V. R. M., Udupi R. H., Srikanth K., Prasad B. S. G. Development of dissolution medium for poorly water soluble drug mefenamic acid. Res J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2010;1:544–549.
Modi S. V., Patel N. J. Development and evaluation of self emulsifying drug delivery of a poorly water soluble NSAID. World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2015; 4: 462–479.
Нормативно-директивні документи МОЗ України. (2018). Інструкція для медичного застосування лікарського засобу КСАРЕЛТО®. https://mozdocs.kiev.ua/likiview.php?id=46295
Ludescher, J. (2012). EP2404920A1. Crystalline form of Rivaroxaban dehydrate. European Patent Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/EP2404920A1/en
Dezena, R. M. B., & Rosa, P. C. P. (2024). Unlocking the polymorphic odyssey of Rivaroxaban: a journey of pharmaceutical innovation. Pharm Pharmacol Int J, 12(2), 65–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2024.14.00434
Jeong, J. S., Ha, E. S., Park, H., Lee, S. K., Kim, J. S., & Kim, M. S. (2022). Measurement and correlation of solubility of rivaroxaban in dichloromethane and primary alcohol binary solvent mixtures at different temperatures. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 357, 119064.
Kushwah, V., Arora, S., Tamás Katona, M., Modhave, D., Fröhlich, E., & Paudel, A. (2021). On absorption modeling and food effect prediction of rivaroxaban, a BCS II drug orally administered as an immediate-release tablet. Pharmaceutics, 13(2), 283. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13020283
Meng, Y., Tan, F., Yao, J., Cui, Y., Feng, Y., Li, Z., ... & Gao, C. (2022). Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban cocrystals with enhanced in vitro and in vivo properties in beagle dogs. International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X, 4, 100119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100119
Djuris, J., Ibric, S., & Đurić, Z. (2024). Quality by design in the pharmaceutical development. In Computeraided applications in pharmaceutical technology (pp. 1–21). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-18655-4.00003-0
Tomuta, I., Porfire, A., Iurian, S., & Casian, T. (2024). Optimization techniques in pharmaceutical formulation and processing. In Dosage Forms, Formulation Developments and Regulations (pp. 257-284). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91817-6.00014-0.
Lilli, G., Sanavia, M., Oboe, R., Vianello, C., Manzolaro, M., De Ruvo, P. L., & Andrighetto, A. (2024). A semiquantitative risk assessment of remote handling operations on the SPES Front-End based on HAZOP-LOPA. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 241, 109609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2023.109609
Friederich, J., & Lazarova-Molnar, S. (2024). Reliability assessment of manufacturing systems: A comprehensive overview, challenges and opportunities. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 72, 38–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2023.11.001






