CURRENT STATUS OF PRIMARY PROCESSING OF BAS CROPS

Abstract

The primary processing of bast crops is a crucial element of the agro-industrial complex, as it ensures the production of high-quality raw materials for the textile, paper, construction, and other industrial sectors. Given the modern environmental challenges, bast crops are gaining particular relevance due to their biodegradability and renewability. The development of innovative primary processing methods contributes to the rational use of agricultural resources, increased productivity in the agricultural sector, and enhanced competitiveness of products in the international market. Among modern bast crop processing technologies, mechanical-biological, ultrasonic, enzymatic, steam-thermal, and electro-pulse methods stand out. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. In particular, mechanical-biological methods allow for obtaining high-quality fibers with minimal use of chemical reagents; however, they are characterized by long processing times and high equipment costs. Ultrasonic treatment accelerates fiber extraction, reduces brittleness, and minimizes residual components, but it requires expensive equipment and precise parameter control. Enzymatic processing is environmentally safe and energy-efficient but requires significant financial investment in enzymes and specialized equipment. The steam-thermal method ensures high fiber quality without chemicals; however, it has strict temperature control requirements and high energy consumption during the heating stage. Electropulse processing improves fiber extraction efficiency and reduces energy consumption, yet the technology requires further research for large-scale implementation. The conducted analysis has demonstrated that the disadvantages of existing methods can be addressed by improving technological processes, automation, and the introduction of modern equipment. Optimizing the parameters of ultrasonic and enzymatic treatments, modernizing mechanical-biological and steam-thermal methods, and advancing electro-pulse technologies will enhance the efficiency of bast crop primary processing. This, in turn, will contribute to the expansion of renewable raw material applications, reduction of environmental impact, and the development of the «green» economy.