TREATMENT OF TEXTILE MATERIAL WITH COATING COMPOSITION

Abstract

The article investigates the technological parameters of the process of processing textiles with polyacrylate dispersions in order to determine the optimal composition of the dispersion, which will provide a high hydrophobic effect and satisfactory physical and mechanical performance of the fabric. The purpose of the study is to develop a new composition for processing textile material, which provides it with water and dirtrepellent properties. The decisive characteristic of the durability of linen fabrics is the resistance of materials to friction and repeated washing. Friction of textile materials is accompanied by a decrease in the mass of the product and includes the process of engaging irregularities, their cutting, loosening of the structure and, as a result, complete destruction of the material. Smooth, soft and elastic textile materials are more resistant to friction than rigid, hard and uneven ones. A significant impact on the wear resistance of textile materials, along with others, is exerted by processing operations. Films formed on the surface of fibers during processing glue individual fibers in the yarn and prevent their loss, increasing the wear resistance of fabrics. The ratio of the coating composition, its consumption and the treatment temperature for the hydrophobic effect were experimentally determined. To determine the optimal process temperature, the sorption of the drug at different temperatures was studied. As the results show, at a temperature of 40 °C, the sorption of the composition from the bath is the lowest; in the case of a temperature of 60 °C, the maximum sorption value is reached too quickly – in 1 hour, which can lead to uneven distribution of the acrylate, and as the results show after drying the material, low adhesion of the film to the base. The optimal process temperature was determined to be 45–55 °C. The result of the study was to determine the influence of the coating surface treatment on the hydrophobic effect of the textile material and the physical and mechanical indicators of the textile after hydrophobization. The results obtained demonstrate that the optimal hydrophobic effect is achieved when using lacryl in an amount of 15–20 %. After the treatment, the fabrics acquire improved physical and mechanical characteristics: without reducing the tensile strength, resistance to repeated bending increases, and the degree of shrinkage during boiling decreases.