ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF UKRAINE’S ENERGY SYSTEM AND MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE SITUATION

Abstract

The war in Ukraine has become a serious challenge for its energy sector, causing significant infrastructure destruction, changes in energy consumption patterns, and exacerbation of energy security issues. This paper analyzes the current state of Ukraine’s energy sector under wartime conditions.It is important to note that the war has led to a significant decrease in overall energy consumption, which is related to the reduction of industrial production, population migration, and the general economic decline. The energy infrastructure has suffered major losses as a result of military actions. Large generating capacities have been irreversibly destroyed or damaged. The greatest losses were suffered by thermal power plants and combined heat and power plants, which were targeted by Russian attacks due to their importance for energy supply. The nuclear energy sector also faced significant challenges, in particular, the occupation of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant created serious nuclear safety risks. Additionally, transmission and distribution facilities, including power lines and transformer substations, sustained significant damage. This complicated the provision of stable energy supply, especially in frontline regions.Russian attacks on energy infrastructure aim to destabilize the situation in Ukraine, create a humanitarian crisis, and exert pressure on the Ukrainian government.The paper analyzes trends and challenges in Ukraine’s energy sector during the war. Based on the presented information, several key areas can be identified for improving the situation in the energy sector of Ukraine. Firstly, this includes the development of renewable energy sources. Secondly, increasing the energy efficiency of the components of the energy system. Thirdly, modernization of the energy infrastructure. Fourthly, the promotion of distributed generation. And finally, the reform of the energy sector. All these directions are interconnected and require a comprehensive approach to ensure the sustainable development of Ukraine’s energy sector.