TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 3D BIOPRINTING TECHNOLOGIES USING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE HYDROGELS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35546/kntu2078-4481.2025.4.1.6Keywords:
3D bioprinting, bioink, biologically active hydrogels, gelatin, alginate, properties, applications,Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of current trends in the development of 3D bioprinting technologies using biologically active hydrogels, which are key materials for creating tissue constructs in regenerative medicine. The properties of hydrogels, their classification by type of stimuli (thermal, pH, photo, electro and magnetic sensitive), as well as the advantages of "smart" polymer systems capable of responding to changes in the external environment are considered. Special attention is paid to bioinks based on natural (alginate, collagen, gelatin) and synthetic (PEG, Pluronic F127, PVA) hydrogels, as well as hybrid systems that combine biocompatibility and mechanical stability. Methods for obtaining bioinks (physical mixing, chemical crosslinking, photopolymerization, coaxial printing) and requirements for their rheological and mechanical characteristics are described. A comparative analysis of the main types of bioprinters (extrusion, inkjet, laser, hybrid) in terms of accuracy, speed and compatibility with materials is presented. It is shown that modern bioprinters are equipped with multi-channel feed systems, automated temperature and sterility control, as well as the integration of artificial intelligence algorithms to optimize the printing process. The prospects for the development of the technology are determined, which consist in improving bioinks, standardizing processes and implementing intelligent control systems for creating personalized tissue structures and organs. The results obtained demonstrate the significant potential of 3D bioprinting for solving the problems of transplantation, testing drugs and developing regenerative medicine.
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