DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ADDITIVES FROM WASTE FROM PROCESSING SPRUCE BIOMASS

Abstract

The work shows that for the purpose of prevention and treatment of many diseases it is promising to use biologically active substances of natural origin, the main advantage of which is low toxicity and mild effect on the body. It is highlighted that one of the available and promising herbal preparations is the water-soluble polysaccharide arabinogalactan, the main raw material for obtaining which is the Carpathian spruce. It is shown that the source for obtaining biologically active substances from spruce is its wood and bark. It is established on the basis of a literature review that dozens of biologically active additives to human nutrition have been developed based on arabinogalactan. It is shown that for a rational solution to the problem of obtaining arabinogalactan from spruce biomass waste, it is necessary to develop a technology for its production from spruce biomass waste. It is shown that two types of spruce wood processing waste were used in the work: wood and a mixture of raw materials – unsorted spruce sawmill waste, which is a mixture of sawdust, chips and bark. The fractional composition of the raw material mixture was established using sieve analysis. It is shown that the concentration of polysaccharides in the obtained samples was determined by the photocalorimetric method according to the known method, and the composition of the hydrocarbon fraction of water-soluble substances and the average molecular weights of polysaccharides were determined by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. It is shown that to obtain the initial data, we conducted laboratory experiments using hydrogen extraction of spruce raw materials under different conditions. It was established that polysaccharide fractions predominate in the dry residues of the extracts, which consist of 97–98 % arabinogalactan. The optimal parameters were determined and an effective extraction scheme was developed, which is based on the use of wood processing waste or a mixture of waste as raw materials. It is shown that to increase the yield of extractive substances, it was proposed to conduct a double extraction, in which the second extract is fed to the first extraction (fresh raw materials). It is shown that experimental batches of hydrogen and dry extracts were obtained using the developed technology, which showed their effectiveness in the production of biologically active additives. An effective technology for obtaining arabinogalactan from spruce processing waste water and dry extracts was established on the basis of laboratory research, which can be used in the production of biologically active additives.